Moscow Peace Treaty with Finland

The Winter War ends with a peace treaty under which Finland cedes territory to the Soviet Union.

Despite the Red Army's far greater resources, Finnish defence inflicted serious losses on Soviet forces. Sustained pressure and the eventual breach of defensive positions nevertheless forced Helsinki to accept negotiations.

The treaty transferred the Karelian Isthmus, including Vyborg, and other territories to the Soviet Union. Hundreds of thousands of inhabitants left the ceded areas and were resettled elsewhere in Finland.

Finland preserved its independence, but the conflict left a deep national trauma. It also influenced international assessments of the Red Army's combat effectiveness.

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